PERAN INOVASI DAN TEKNOLOGI DALAM MENINGKATKAN PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI MENUJU INDONESIA EMAS 2045

Abstract

This study empirically examines the relationship between innovation, technology,
and economic growth in Indonesia using a quantitative approach from 2010 to
2022. Data from reliable sources such as the World Bank, WIPO, and BPS were
then analyzed using multivariate linear regression methods and joint tests. The
analysis results show that investment in research and development (F&E)
significantly impacts economic growth. However, interesting findings show that
this effect is unimportant during the short, gradual period. Further analysis by the
Granger-causalität test confirmed that the existence of a correlation between
innovation and economic growth is a delay of about 3-5 years. The political
implications of these results highlight three main aspects. First, the importance of
fiscal policy reform by strengthening performance-based incentives, such as F&E.
Second, an integrated national innovation system should be developed through a
triple helix approach. Third, the industrial sector will improve its ability to absorb
technology. Despite making an essential contribution to understanding the
economics of innovation in developing countries, this study has some limitations,
especially regarding using the F&E proxy as a single indicator and the relatively
limited observation period. Therefore, further research is recommended to develop
a more comprehensive innovation indicator (Built Innovation Index) and expand
the scope of analysis with a cross-country panel data approach. The results of this
study not only provide an empirical basis for strengthening national innovation
policy but also a methodological framework that can be adapted to similar research
in other developing countries, especially concerning Indonesia's long-term
development vision of Gold 2045.